NCERT Solutions Science Chapter 2 Nutrition in Animals for Class 7th
Summary of Nutrition in Animals
- Nutrition Basics: Nutrition is essential for growth, energy, and overall health. Animals obtain their food from various sources, which can be classified into different types based on how they consume food.
- Types of Animals:
- Herbivores: Animals that primarily eat plants (e.g., cows, deer).
- Carnivores: Animals that eat other animals (e.g., lions, eagles).
- Omnivores: Animals that eat both plants and animals (e.g., humans, bears).
- Digestive System: The chapter explains the process of digestion, which involves breaking down food into smaller, absorbable components. Key organs involved in digestion include:
- Mouth: Where food is mechanically broken down and mixed with saliva.
- Esophagus: Transports food to the stomach.
- Stomach: Secretes acids and enzymes to digest food further.
- Intestines: Absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream.
- Types of Digestion:
- Mechanical Digestion: Physical breakdown of food (e.g., chewing).
- Chemical Digestion: Breakdown of food using enzymes and acids.
- Ruminants: Some animals, like cows, have a specialized digestive system that includes multiple stomach chambers, allowing them to digest cellulose from plants efficiently. They regurgitate and re-chew food, known as “rumination.”
- Role of Enzymes: Enzymes play a crucial role in breaking down complex food substances into simpler forms, facilitating absorption.
- Nutrition in Human Beings: The chapter also highlights the human digestive system, which consists of various organs working together to process food.
NCERT Solutions Science Chapter 2 Nutrition in Animals for 2024-2025
1. Fill in the blanks:
(a) The main steps of nutrition in humans are _________, __________, __________, _________ and __________.
(b) The largest gland in the human body is __________.
(c) The stomach releases hydrochloric acid and ___________ juices which act on food.
(d) The inner wall of the small intestine has many finger-like outgrowths called _________.
(e) Amoeba digests its food in the ____________ .
Solution:
(a) The main steps of nutrition in humans are ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion.
(b) The largest gland in the human body is Liver.
(c) The stomach releases hydrochloric acid and digestive juices which act on food.
(d) The inner wall of the small intestine has many finger-like outgrowths called villi.
(e) Amoeba digests its food in the food vacuole.
2.Mark ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if it is false:
(a) Digestion of starch starts in the stomach. (T/F)
(b) The tongue helps in mixing food with saliva. (T/F)
(c) The gall bladder temporarily stores bile. (T/F)
(d) The ruminants bring back swallowed grass into their mouth and chew it for some time. (T/F)
Solution:
a) F
b) T
c) T
d) T
3. Tick () mark the correct answer in each of the following:
(a) Fat is completely digested in the
(i) stomach (ii) mouth (iii) small intestine (iv) large intestine
(b) Water from the undigested food is absorbed mainly in the
(i) stomach (ii) foodpipe (iii) small intestine (iv) large intestine
Solution:
a) (iii) small intestine
b) (iv) large intestine
4. Match the items of Column I with those given in Column II:
| Column- I | Column- II |
| Food components | Product(s) of digestion |
| Carbohydrates | Fatty acids and glycerol |
| Proteins | Sugar |
| Fats | Amino acids |
Solution:
| Column- I | Column- II |
| Food components | Product(s) of digestion |
| Carbohydrates | Sugar |
| Proteins | Amino acids |
| Fats | Fatty acids and glycerol |
5. What are villi? What is their location and function?
Solution
Villi are the finger-like projections or outgrowth. They are present in the small intestine of our digestive system.
6. Where is the bile produced? Which component of the food does it help to digest?
Solution:
Bile juice is produced in the liver, and it helps in the digestion of fats by breaking large fat globule into smaller ones.
7. Name the type of carbohydrate that can be digested by ruminants but not by humans. Give the reason also.
Solution:
Cellulose is the carbohydrate that can be digested by ruminants but not by humans because humans lack cellulase enzyme required to digest the cellulose.
8. Why do we get instant energy from glucose?
Solution:
Glucose is a simple sugar which is easily absorbed by the blood whereas other carbohydrates are first broken down into glucose and then absorbed; hence, glucose gives instant energy.
9. Which part of the digestive canal is involved in:
(i) absorption of food ________________.
(ii) chewing of food ________________.
(iii) killing of bacteria ________________.
(iv) complete digestion of food ________________.
(v) formation of faeces ________________.
Solution:
i) Small intestine
ii) Buccal cavity
iii)Stomach
iv) Small intestine
v) Large Intestine
10. Write one similarity and one difference between nutrition in amoeba and human beings.
Solution:
Similarity: Both amoeba and human beings follow the holozoic type of nutrition.
Difference:
Humans intake food through buccal cavity. In amoeba food is ingested through pseudopodia.
11. Match the items of Column I with suitable items in Column II
| Column-I | Column-II |
| a) Salivary gland | (i) Bile juice secretion |
| b) Stomach | (ii) Storage of undigested food |
| c) Liver | (iii) Saliva secretion |
| d) Rectum | (iv) Acid release |
| e) Small intestine | (v) Digestion is completed |
| f) Large intestine | (vi) Absorption of water |
| (vii) Release of faeces |
Solution:
| Column-I | Column-II |
| a) Salivary gland | (iii) Saliva secretion |
| b) Stomach | (iv) Acid release |
| c) Liver | (i) Bile juice secretion |
| d) Rectum | (ii) Storage of undigested food |
| e) Small intestine | (v) Digestion is completed |
| f) Large intestine | (vi) Absorption of water |
12. Label Fig. 2.11 of the digestive system.
Solution:
13. Can we survive only on raw, leafy vegetables/grass? Discuss.
Solution:
No, we cannot survive only on raw, leafy vegetables because they mainly consist of Cellulose which cannot be digested by us due to lack of cellulose digesting enzyme in our body.