Class 8 Maths Chapter 13 Direct and Inverse Proportions

Exercise 13.1

Question 1.
Following are the car parking charges near a railway station up to.
4 hours – ₹ 60
8 hours – ₹ 100
12 hours – ₹ 140
24 hours – ₹ 180
Check if the parking charges are in direct proportions to the parking time.

Solution:
We have the ratio of time period and the parking charge.

Hence the given quantities are not directly proportional.

Question 2.
A mixture of paint is prepared by mixing 1 part of red pigments with 8 parts of base. In the following table, find the parts of base that need to be added.

Solution:
Let the number to be filled in the blanks be a, b, c and d respectively.

Question 3.
In Question 2 above, if 1 part of a red pigment requires 75 mL of base, how much red pigment should we mix with 1800 mL of base?
Solution:
Let the required red pigment be x part.

Hence, the required amount of red pigment = 24 parts.

Question 4.
A machine in a soft drink factory fills 840 bottles in six hours. How many bottles will it fill in five hours?
Solution:
Let the required number of bottles be x.

Hence the required number of bottles = 700.

Question 5.
A photograph of a bacteria enlarged 50,000 times attains a length of 5 cm as shown in the diagram. What is the actual length of the bacteria? If the photograph is enlarged 20,000 times only, what would be its enlarged length?

Solution:
Let the actual length be x cm.

Question 6.
In a model of a ship, the mast is 9 cm high, while the mast of the actual ship is 12 m high. If the length of the ship is 28 m, how long is the model ship?

Solution:
Let the required length of the model ship be x m.

Question 7.
Suppose 2 kg of sugar contains 9 × 10⁶ crystals. How many sugar crystals are there in
(i) 5 kg of sugar?
(ii) 1.2 kg of sugar?
Solution:
Let x be the number of sugar crystals needed.

Question 8.
Rashmi has a road map with a scale of 1 cm representing 18 km. She drives on a road of 72 km. What would be her distance covered in the map?
Solution:
Let the required distance be x km.

Hence the distance covered in the map = 4 cm.

Question 9.
A 5 m 60 cm high vertical pole casts a shadow 3 m 20 cm long. Find at the same time
(i) the length of the shadow cast by another pole 10 m 50 cm high,
(ii) the height of a pole which casts a shadow 5 m long.
Solution:
(i) Let the required length of shadow be x m.

Question 10.
A loaded truck travels 14 km in 25 minutes. If the speed remains the same, how far can it travel in 5 hours?
Solution:
Let the required distance be x km.

Hence the required distance = 168 km.

Exercise 13.2

Question 1.
Which of the following are in inverse proportion?
(i) The number of workers on a job and the time to complete the job.
(ii) The time taken for a journey and the distance travelled in a uniform speed.
(iii) Area of cultivated land and the crop harvested.
(iv) The time taken for a fixed journey and the speed of the vehicle.
(v) The population of a country and the area of land per person.
Solution:
(i) As the number of workers increase, the job will take less time to complete. Hence, they are inversely proportional.
(ii) For more time, more distance to travel. Hence, they are not inversely proportional.
(iii) More area of land cultivated, more crop to harvest. Hence, they are not inversely proportional.
(iv) If speed is increased, it will take less time to complete the fixed journey. Hence, they are inversely proportional.
(v) If the population of a country increases, then the area of land per person will be decreased. Hence, they are inversely proportional.

Question 2.
In a Television game show, the prize money of ₹ 1,00,000 is to be divided equally amongst the winners. Complete the following table and find whether the prize money given to an individual winner is directly or inversely proportional to the number of winners?

Solution:
Let, the blank spaces be denoted by a, b, c, d and e.
So, we observe that 1 × 100,000 = 2 × 50,000
⇒ 1,00,000 = 1,00,000
Hence they are inversely proportional.
2 × 50,000 = 4 × a

Question 3.
Rehman is making a wheel using spokes. He wants to fix equal spokes in such a way that the angles between any pair of consecutive spokes are equal. Help him by completing the following table.

(i) Yes, they are in inverse proportion
(ii) If the number of spokes is 15, then
4 × 90° = 15 × x
x = 4×90/15 = 24°
(iii) If the angle between two consecutive spokes is 40°, then
4 × 90° = y × 40°
y = 4×90/40 = 9 spokes.
Thus the required number of spokes = 9.

Question 4.
If a box of sweets is divided among 24 children, they will get 5 sweets each. How many would each get, if the number of the children is decreased by 4?
Solution:

We observe that on increasing the number of children, number of sweets got by each will be less. So, they are in inverse proportion.
x₁y₁ = x₂y₂
where x₁ = 24, y₁ = 5, x₂ = 20
and y₂ = a(let)
24 × 5 = 20 × a
a = 6

Hence, the required number of sweets = 6.

Question 5.
A farmer has enough food to feed 20 animals in his cattle for 6 days. How long would the food last if there were 10 more animals in his cattle?
Solution:
If the number of animals increases, then it will take fewer days to last.
Then the two quantities are in inverse proportions.

Let the required number of days be p.
x₁y₁ = x₂y₂
where x₁ = 20, y₁ = 6, x₂ = 3
and y₂ = p (let)
20 × 6 = 30 × p
p = 4
Hence the required number of days = 4.

Question 6.
A contractor estimates that 3 persons could rewire Jasminder’s house in 4 days. If, he uses 4 persons instead of three, how long should they take to complete the job?
Solution:
If the number of persons is increased, it will take less number of days to complete the job.
Thus, the two quantities are in inverse proportion.

Let the required number of days be k.
x₁y₁ = x₂y₂
3 × 4 = 4 × k
k = 3 days.
Hence, the required number of days = 3.

Question 7.
A batch of bottles was packed in 25 boxes with 12 bottles in each box. If the same batch is packed using 20 bottles in each box, how many boxes would be filled?

Solution:
If the number of bottles is increased then the required number of boxes will be decreased. Thus the two quantities are in inverse proportion.

Let the required number of boxes be x.
x₁y₁ = x₂y₂
25 × 12 = x × 20
x = 15
Hence, the required number of boxes = 15.

Question 8.
A factory requires 42 machines to produce a given number of articles in 63 days. How many machines would be required to produce the same number of articles in 54 days?
Solution:
If the number of machines is increased then less number of days would be required to produced the same number of articles.
Thus, the two quantities are in inverse proportion.

Let the required number of machines be x.
x₁y₁ = x₂y₂
42 × 63 = x × 54
x = 49
Hence, the required number of machines is 49.

Question 9.
A car takes 2 hours to reach a destination by traveling at a speed of 60 km/h. How long will it take when the car travels at the speed of 80 km/h?
Solution:
On increasing the speed, it will take less time to travel a distance.
Thus the two quantities are in inverse proportions.

Let the required times be x hours.
x₁y₁ = x₂y₂
60 × 2 = 80 × x
x = 3/2 hours =  hrs.
Hence, the required time =  hours.

Question 10.
Two persons could fit new windows in a house in 3 days.
(i) One of the people fell ill before the work started. How long would the job take now?
(ii) How many persons would be needed to fit the windows in one day?
Solution:
On increasing the number of persons, less time will be required to complete a job.
Thus, the quantities are in inverse proportion.

(i) Let the required number of days be x.
x₁y₁ = x₂y₂
2 × 3 = 1 × x
x = 6
Hence, the required number of days = 6
(ii) Let the required number of persons be y.
x₁y₁ = x₂y₂
2 × 3 = y × 1
y = 6
Hence, the required number of persons = 6.

Question 11.
A school has 8 periods a day each of 45 minutes duration. How long would each period be, if the school has 9 periods a day, assuming the number of school hours to be the same?
Solution:
On increasing the duration of periods, the number of periods will be reduced.
Thus, the two quantities are in inverse proportion.

Let the required duration of each period be x.
x₁y₁ = x₂y₂
8 × 45 = 9 × x
x = 40 minutes
Hence, the required duration of period = 40 minutes.