Exercise 15.1
1. In a cricket match, a batswoman hits a boundary 6 times out of 30 balls she plays. Find the probability that she did not hit a boundary.
Solution:
According to the question,
Total number of balls = 30
Numbers of boundary = 6
Number of time bats woman didn’t hit boundary = 30 – 6 = 24
Probability she did not hit a boundary = 24/30 = 4/5
2. 1500 families with 2 children were selected randomly, and the following data were recorded:
Compute the probability of a family, chosen at random, having
(i) 2 girls (ii) 1 girl (iii) No girl
Also check whether the sum of these probabilities is 1.
Solution:
Total numbers of families = 1500
(i) Numbers of families having 2 girls = 475
Probability = Numbers of families having 2 girls/Total numbers of families
= 475/1500 = 19/60
(ii) Numbers of families having 1 girls = 814
Probability = Numbers of families having 1 girls/Total numbers of families
= 814/1500 = 407/750
(iii) Numbers of families having 2 girls = 211
Probability = Numbers of families having 0 girls/Total numbers of families
= 211/1500
Sum of the probability = (19/60)+(407/750)+(211/1500)
= (475+814+211)/1500
= 1500/1500 = 1
Yes, the sum of these probabilities is 1.
3. Refer to Example 5, Section 14.4, Chapter 14. Find the probability that a student of the class was born in August.
Solution:
Total numbers of students in the class = 40
Numbers of students born in August = 6
The probability that a student of the class was born in August, = 6/40 = 3/20
4. Three coins are tossed simultaneously 200 times with the following frequencies of different outcomes:
If the three coins are simultaneously tossed again, compute the probability of 2 heads coming up.
Solution:
Number of times 2 heads come up = 72
Total number of times the coins were tossed = 200
∴, the probability of 2 heads coming up = 72/200 = 9/25
5. An organisation selected 2400 families at random and surveyed them to determine a relationship between income level and the number of vehicles in a family. The information gathered is listed in the table below:
Suppose a family is chosen. Find the probability that the family chosen is
(i) earning ₹10000 – 13000 per month and owning exactly 2 vehicles.
(ii) earning ₹16000 or more per month and owning exactly 1 vehicle.
(iii) earning less than ₹7000 per month and does not own any vehicle.
(iv) earning ₹13000 – 16000 per month and owning more than 2 vehicles.
(v) owning not more than 1 vehicle.
Solution:
Total number of families = 2400
(i) Numbers of families earning ₹10000 –13000 per month and owning exactly 2 vehicles = 29
∴, the probability that the family chosen is earning ₹10000 – 13000 per month and owning exactly 2 vehicles = 29/2400
(ii) Number of families earning ₹16000 or more per month and owning exactly 1 vehicle = 579
∴, the probability that the family chosen is earning₹16000 or more per month and owning exactly 1 vehicle = 579/2400
(iii) Number of families earning less than ₹7000 per month and does not own any vehicle = 10
∴, the probability that the family chosen is earning less than ₹7000 per month and does not own any vehicle = 10/2400 = 1/240
(iv) Number of families earning ₹13000-16000 per month and owning more than 2 vehicles = 25
∴, the probability that the family chosen is earning ₹13000 – 16000 per month and owning more than 2 vehicles = 25/2400 = 1/96
(v) Number of families owning not more than 1 vehicle = 10+160+0+305+1+535+2+469+1+579
= 2062
∴, the probability that the family chosen owns not more than 1 vehicle = 2062/2400 = 1031/1200
6. A teacher wanted to analyse the performance of two sections of students in a mathematics test of 100 marks. Looking at their performances, she found that a few students got under 20 marks and a few got 70 marks or above. So she decided to group them into intervals of varying sizes as follows
0 – 20, 20 – 30, …, 60 – 70, 70 – 100. Then she formed the following table
(i) Find the probability that a student obtained less than 20% in the mathematics test.
(ii) Find the probability that a student obtained marks 60 or above.
Solution:
Total number of students = 90
(i) Number of students who obtained less than 20% in the mathematics test = 7
∴, the probability that a student obtained less than 20% in the mathematics test = 7/90
(ii) Number of students who obtained marks 60 or above = 15+8 = 23
∴, the probability that a student obtained marks 60 or above = 23/90
7. To know the opinion of the students about the subject statistics, a survey of 200 students was conducted. The data is recorded in the following table.
Find the probability that a student chosen at random
(i) likes statistics,
(ii) does not like it.
Solution:
Total number of students = 135+65 = 200
(i) Number of students who like statistics = 135
, the probability that a student likes statistics = 135/200 = 27/40
(ii) Number of students who do not like statistics = 65
∴, the probability that a student does not like statistics = 65/200 = 13/40
8. The distance (in km) of 40 engineers from their residence to their place of work were found as follows
What is the empirical probability that an engineer lives:
(i) less than 7 km from her place of work?
(ii) more than or equal to 7 km from her place of work?
(iii) Within ½ km from her place of work?
Solution:
The distance (in km) of 40 engineers from their residence to their place of work were found as follows:
5 3 10 20 25 11 13 7 12 31 19 10 12 17 18 11 3 2
17 16 2 7 9 7 8 3 5 12 15 18 3 12 14 2 9 6
15 15 7 6 12
Total numbers of engineers = 40
(i) Number of engineers living less than 7 km from their place of work = 9
,the probability that an engineer lives less than 7 km from her place of work = 9/40
(ii) Number of engineers living more than or equal to 7 km from their place of work = 40-9 = 31
,probability that an engineer lives more than or equal to 7 km from her place of work = 31/40
(iii) Number of engineers living within ½ km from their place of work = 0
∴, the probability that an engineer lives within ½ km from her place of work = 0/40 = 0
9. Activity : Note the frequency of two-wheelers, three-wheelers and four-wheelers going past during a time interval, in front of your school gate. Find the probability that any one vehicle out of the total vehicles you have observed is a two-wheeler.
Solution:
The question is an activity to be performed by the students.
Hence, perform the activity by yourself and note down your inference.
10. Activity : Ask all the students in your class to write a 3-digit number. Choose any student from the room at random. What is the probability that the number written by her/him is divisible by 3? Remember that a number is divisible by 3, if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3.
Solution:
The question is an activity to be performed by the students.
Hence, perform the activity by yourself and note down your inference.
11. Eleven bags of wheat flour, each marked 5 kg, actually contained the following weights of flour (in kg):
4.97 5.05 5.08 5.03 5.00 5.06 5.08 4.98 5.04 5.07 5.00
Find the probability that any of these bags chosen at random contains more than 5 kg of flour.
Solution:
Total number of bags present = 11
Number of bags containing more than 5 kg of flour = 7
∴, the probability that any of the bags chosen at random contains more than 5 kg of flour = 7/11
12. In Q.5, Exercise 14.2, you were asked to prepare a frequency distribution table, regarding the concentration of sulphur dioxide in the air in parts per million of a certain city for 30 days. Using this table, find the probability of the concentration of sulphur dioxide in the interval 0.12-0.16 on any of these days.
The data obtained for 30 days is as follows:
0.03 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.04 0.17 0.16 0.05 0.02 0.06 0.18 0.20 0.11 0.08 0.12 0.13 0.22 0.07 0.08 0.01 0.10 0.06 0.09 0.18 0.11 0.07 0.05 0.07 0.01 0.04
Solution:
Total number of days in which the data was recorded = 30 days
Numbers of days in which sulphur dioxide was present in between the interval 0.12-0.16 = 2
∴, the probability of the concentration of sulphur dioxide in the interval 0.12-0.16 on any of these days = 2/30 = 1/15
13. In Q.1, Exercise 14.2, you were asked to prepare a frequency distribution table regarding the blood groups of 30 students of a class. Use this table to determine the probability that a student of this class, selected at random, has blood group AB.
The blood groups of 30 students of Class VIII are recorded as follows:
A, B, O, O, AB, O, A, O, B, A, O, B, A, O, O, A, AB, O, A, A, O, O, AB, B, A, O, B, A, B, O.
Solution:
Total numbers of students = 30
Number of students having blood group AB = 3
∴, the probability that a student of this class, selected at random, has blood group AB = 3/30 = 1/10
