# NCERT Solutions class 10 Maths Ch- 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables

## Ex - 3.2

#### Question 2. On comparing the ratios $frac { { a }_{ 1 } }{ { a }_{ 2 } }$, $frac { { b }_{ 1 } }{ { b }_{ 2 } }$ and $frac { { c }_{ 1 } }{ { c }_{ 2 } }$ ,

find out whether the lines representing the following pairs of linear equations intersect at a point, are parallel or coincident:
(i) 5x – 4y + 8 = 0,  7x + 6y – 9 = 0
(ii) 9x + 3y + 12 = 0,  18x + 6y + 24 = 0
(iii) 6x – 3y + 10 = 0,  2x -y + 9 = 0

#### and c1c2

, find out whether the lines representing the following pairs of linear equations are consistent, or inconsistent:

## EX - 3.3

#### x – y = 4

Solutions:

From 1st equation, we get,

x = 14 – y

Now, substitute the value of x in second equation to get,

(14 – y) – y = 4

14 – 2y = 4

2y = 10

Or y = 5

By the value of y, we can now find the exact value of x;

∵ x = 14 – y

∴ x = 14 – 5

Or x = 9

Hence, x = 9 and y = 5.

### (ii) s – t = 3

s3+t2 =6

Solutions:

#### Now, substitute the value of  's' in second equation to get,

3+t3 + t2 = 6 2(3+t) + 3t6 = 6 6+2t + 3t6 = 6

t = 305 = 6t = 6

#### s = 9

Hence, s = 9 and t = 6.

#### Question 3. Form the pair of linear equations for the following problems and find their solution by substitution method:(i) The difference between two numbers is 26 and one number is three times the other. Find them.(ii) The larger of two supplementary angles exceeds the smaller by 18 degrees. Find them.(iii) The coach of a cricket team buys 7 bats and 6 balls for Rs. 3800. Later, she buys 3 bats and 5 balls for Rs. 1750. Find the cost of each bat and each ball.(iv) The taxi charges in a city consist of a fixed charge together with the charge for the distance covered. For a distance of 10 km, the charge paid is Rs.105 and for a journey of 15 km, the charge paid is Rs.155. What are the fixed charges and the charges per km? How much does a person have to pay for travelling a distance of 25 km?(v) A fraction becomes  911

, if 2 is added to both the numerator and the denominator. If 3 is added to both the numerator and the denominator, it becomes

#### 56

. Find the fraction.
(vi) Five years hence, the age of Jacob will be three times that of his son. Five year ago, Jacob’s age was seven times that of his son. What are their present ages?
Solution:

## Ex 3.4

#### Question 1. Solve the following pairs of linear equations by the elimination method and the substitution method:

(i) x + y = 5 and 2x – 3y = 4

(ii) 3x + 4y = 10 and 2x – 2y = 2

(iii) 3x – 5y – 4 = 0 and 9x = 2y + 7

(iv) (x/2)+(2y/3) = -1 and x – (y/3) = 3

Solutions:

Question 2.
Form the pair of linear equations for the following problems and find their solutions (if they exist) by the elimination method:
(i) If we add 1 to the numerator and subtract 1 from the denominator, a fraction reduces to 1. It becomes $frac { 1 }{ 2 }$, if we only add 1 to the denominator. What is the fraction?
(ii) Five years ago, Nuri was thrice as old as Sonu. Ten years later, Nuri will be twice as old as Sonu. How old are Nuri and Sonu?
(iii) The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9. Also, nine times this number is twice the number obtained by reversing the order of the digits. Find the number.
(iv) Meena went to a bank to withdraw ₹2000. She asked the cashier to give her ₹50 and ₹100 notes only. Meena got 25 notes in all. Find how many notes of ₹50 and ₹100 she received.
(v) A lending library has a fixed charge for the first three days and an additional charge for each day thereafter. Saritha paid ₹ 27 for a book kept for seven days, while Susy paid ₹21 for the book she kept for five days. Find the fixed charge and the charge for each extra day.
Solution:

## Ex 3.5

Question 1.
Which of the following pairs of linear equations has unique solution, no solution or infinitely many solutions. In case there is unique solution, find it by using cross-multiplication method.
(i) x – 3y – 3 = 0, 3x – 9y – 2 = 0
(ii) 2x + y = 5, 3x + 2y = 8
(iii) 3x – 5y = 20, 6x – 10y = 40
(iv) x – 3y – 7 = 0, 3x – 3y – 15 = 0
Solution:

Question 2.
(i) For which values of a and b does the following pair of linear equations have an infinite number of solutions?
2x + 3y = 7
(a – b)x + (a + b)y = 3a + b – 2
(ii) For which value of k will the following pair of linear equations have no solution?
3x + y = 1
(2k – 1)x + (k – 1)y = (2k + 1)
Solution:

Question 3.
Solve the following pair of linear equations by the substitution and cross-multiplication methods:
8x + 5y = 9, 3x + 2y = 4
Solution:

Question 4.
Form the pair of linear equations in the following problems and find their solutions (if they exist) by any algebraic method:
(i) A part of monthly hostel charges is fixed and the remaining depends on the number of days one has taken food in the mess. When a student A takes food for 20 days she has to pay ₹ 1000 as hostel charges, whereas a student B, who takes food for 26 days, pays ₹ 1180 as hostel charges. Find the fixed charges and the cost of food per day.
(ii) A fraction becomes $frac { 1 }{ 3 }$ when 1 is subtracted from the numerator and it becomes $frac { 1 }{ 4 }$ when 8 is added to its denominator. Find the fraction.
(iii) Yash scored 40 marks in a test, getting 3 marks for each right answer and losing 1 mark for each wrong answer. Had 4 marks been awarded for each correct answer and 2 marks been deducted for each incorrect answer, then Yash would have scored 50 marks. How many questions were there in the test?
(iv) Places A and B are 100 km apart on a highway. One car starts from A and another from B at the same time. If the cars travel in the same direction at different speeds, they meet in 5 hours. If they travel towards each other, they meet in 1 hour. What are the speeds of the two cars?
(v) The area of a rectangle gets reduced by 9 square units, if its length is reduced by units and breadth is increased by 3 units. If we increase the length by 3 units and the breadth by 2 units, the area increases by 67 square units. Find the dimensions of the rectangle.
Solution:

## Ex 3.6

Question 1.
Solve the following pairs of equations by reducing them to a pair of linear equations:

Question 2.
Formulate the following problems as a pair of linear equations and hence find their solutions:
(i) Ritu can row downstream 20 km in hours and upstream 4 km in 2 hours. Find her speed of rowing in still water and the speed of the current.
(ii) 2 women and 5 men can together finish an embroidery work in 4 days, while 3 women and 6 men can finish it in 3 days. Find the time taken by 1 woman alone to finish the work, and also that taken by 1 man alone.
(iii) Roohi travels 300 km to her home partly by train and partly by bus. She takes 4 hours if she travels 60 km by train and the remaining by bus. If she travels 100 km by train and the remaining by bus, she takes 10 minutes longer. Find the speed of the train and the bus separately.
Solution:

## Ex 3.7

#### Plotting the points of each table of solutions, we obtain the graphs of two lines intersecting each other at a point C(1, 0).

The vertices of ΔABC formed by these lines and the y-axis are A(0, -5), B(0, -3) and C(1, 0).

Question 7.
Solve the following pairs of linear equations: