NCERT Solutions Science Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants for Class 7th
Transportation in animals and plants is essential for their survival, enabling the movement of nutrients, gases, and waste products.
Animals
Circulatory System:
- Open Circulatory System: Found in some invertebrates (like insects and crustaceans), where blood (hemolymph) is not confined to vessels and bathes the organs directly.
- Closed Circulatory System: Present in vertebrates (like mammals), where blood is enclosed in vessels. This system consists of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries, allowing for efficient transport of oxygen, nutrients, and hormones.
Gas Exchange:
- Respiratory Systems: Animals have specialized structures (like lungs in mammals or gills in fish) to facilitate gas exchange, allowing oxygen to enter the body and carbon dioxide to be expelled.
Nutrient Transport:
- Nutrients absorbed from the digestive system are transported through the bloodstream to cells, where they are used for energy, growth, and repair.
Waste Removal:
- Metabolic wastes are transported to excretory organs (like kidneys in mammals) for elimination.
Plants
Vascular System:
- Plants have a vascular system composed of xylem and phloem.
- Xylem: Transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant. It relies on transpiration (water evaporation from leaves) to create a negative pressure that pulls water upward.
- Phloem: Transports organic nutrients (mainly sugars produced through photosynthesis) from leaves to other parts of the plant, like roots and fruits.
Gas Exchange:
- Plants exchange gases through small openings called stomata, primarily on the leaves. They take in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and release oxygen as a byproduct.
Nutrient Uptake:
- Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil. These nutrients are then transported via the xylem to various parts of the plant.
Waste Management:
- While plants produce waste products (like oxygen), they also store excess nutrients and compounds in vacuoles or can break them down through various metabolic processes.
NCERT Solutions Science Chapter 11 Transportation in animals and plants for 2024-2025
Q.1.Match structures given in Column I with functions given in Column II.
Ans.
Q.2.-Fill in the blanks :
(i) The blood from the heart is transported to all parts of the body by the _____________
(ii) Haemoglobin is present in ___________ cells.
(iii) Arteries and veins are joined by a network of ___________ .
(iv) The rhythmic expansion and contraction of the heart is called ___________
(v) The main excretory product in human beings is ___________
(vi) Sweat contains water and .
(vii) Kidneys eliminate the waste materials in the liquid form called .
(viii) Water reaches great heights in the trees because of suction pull caused by .
Ans.(i) arteries (ii) red blood cells • (in) capillaries (iv) heartbeat (v) urea (vi) salts (vii) urine (viii) transpiration.
Q.3.Choose the correct options:
(a) In plants, water is transported through
(i) Xylem (ii) Phloem (iii) Stomata (iv) Root hair
Ans. (a) (i) Xylem
(b) Water absorption through roots can be increased by keeping the plants
(i) In the shade (ii) in dim light (iii) under the fan (iv) covered with a polythene bag
Ans. (b) (iii) under the fan
Q.4.Why is transport of materials necessary in a plant or an animal? Explain.
Ans.Transport of materials is necessary for plants or animals because due to it the nutrients and oxygen are made available to all the parts of the body. If the transport of necessary nutrients and oxygen does not take place in the body, the body will not be able to survive.
Q.5.What will happen if there are no platelets in the blood?
Ans.The blood platelets are responsible for the clotting of the blood. When some injury occurs blood starts flowing. But it clots on its own. If there are no platelets, the blood will not be able to clot and keep on flowing. Huge loss of blood ultimately causes death.
Q.6.What are stomata? Give two junctions of stomata.
Ans.There are small openings on the lower surface of the leaves. These pores are called stomata. These openings are surrounded with guard cells.
Functions of stomata:
1. It helps in the transpiration of water, i.e., the loss of excess water from the plant.
2. Loss of water from the stomata creates an upward pull, i.e., suction pull which helps in absorption of water from the roots.
3. They help in exchange of gases.
Q.7.Does transpiration serve any useful function in plants? Explain.
Ans.(i) It helps to enhance the absorption of water and dissolved minerals by creation of a suction pull.
(ii) It helps in getting rid of the excess water.
(iii) It helps in transport of water and minerals to leaves and leaves use the water for photosynthesis. ‘
(iv)It produces a cooling effect on the plant
Q.8.What are the components of blood?
Ans.There are four components of blood:
(i) Plasma is a liquid part of blood which is yellowish in colour and contain 90% water. It contains food, enzymes, wastes and proteins etc
(ii) Red blood cells are disc shaped cells containing red coloured pigment called haemoglobin in it. Haemoglobin helps in transportation of oxygen.
(iii) White blood cells are the fighting cells which protect us against bacteria and foreign materials causing infections.
(iv) Platelets help in clotting of the blood
Q.9.Why is blood needed by all the parts of a body?
Ans. Blood is needed by all the parts because it contains the digested food and oxygen in it. It supplies the oxygen and digested food to various parts of the body to provide essential energy to them which helps the body to perform various functions
Q.10.What makes the blood look red?
Ans. A red pigment called haemoglobin gives the blood its red colour. This pigment helps in carrying oxygen to various parts of the body by blood
Q.11.Describe the function of the heart.
Ans. The right auricle and ventricle receive blood with carbon dioxide from all parts of the body. The collected blood is then pumped to the lungs for the purification. In lungs, the exchange of gases takes place and purified blood is sent back to left auricle. It pumps it to the left ventricle, which in turn pumps off the purified blood to all parts of body through arteries
Q.12.Why is it necessary to excrete waste products?
Ans. Certain waste and toxic products are formed during functioning of body cells. The waste products like urea etc. are toxic. When these toxic materials are not removed from the body, they get mixed with blood and can damage the cells of body. It is necessary to remove such poisonous waste materials from our body.
Q.13.Draw a diagram of the human excretory system and label the various parts.
Ans.
