NCERT Solutions Science Chapter 13 Motion and Time for Class 7th
Chapter 13 of Class 7 Science, titled “Motion and Time,” focuses on the concepts of motion, different types of motion, and how we measure time related to motion. Here’s a summary of the key points:
1. Understanding Motion
- Definition: Motion refers to the change in position of an object with respect to time.
- Types of Motion:
- Linear Motion: Motion in a straight line (e.g., a car moving on a straight road).
- Rotational Motion: Motion around an axis (e.g., Earth rotating around its axis).
- Periodic Motion: Motion that repeats at regular intervals (e.g., the swinging of a pendulum).
- Translatory Motion: When an object moves from one place to another.
2. Reference Point
- To determine if an object is in motion, we need a reference point. If the position of an object changes relative to this reference point, it is considered to be in motion.
3. Measuring Motion
- Distance: The total path covered by an object in motion, measured in units like meters (m).
- Displacement: The shortest distance from the initial to the final position, which also includes direction.
- Speed: The rate at which an object covers distance. It is calculated as: Speed=DistanceTime\text{Speed} = \frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Time}}
- Types of Speed:
- Uniform Speed: When an object covers equal distances in equal intervals of time.
- Variable Speed: When the distances covered in equal intervals of time are not the same.
4. Time Measurement
- Time is measured in seconds (s), and devices like clocks and stopwatches are commonly used.
- Understanding time is essential for calculating speed and analyzing motion.
5. Graphical Representation
- Distance-Time Graph: This graph shows how distance changes over time. A straight line indicates uniform motion, while a curved line indicates variable motion.
- Slope of the Graph: The steepness of the line indicates speed; a steeper slope means higher speed.
6. Practical Applications
- Concepts of motion and time are applied in various fields, such as transportation, sports, and daily activities, helping us understand and predict how objects move.
7. Experimentation
- Simple experiments can demonstrate these concepts, such as measuring the time taken for a ball to roll down a slope and calculating its speed.
NCERT Solutions Science Chapter 13 Motion and Time for 2024-2025
Q.1.Classify the following as motion along a straight line, circular or oscillatory motion :
(i) Motion of your hands while running.
(ii) Motion of a horse pulling a cart on a straight road.
(iii) Motion of a child in a merry-go-round. •
(iv) Motion of a child on a see-saw.
(v) Motion of the hammer of an electric bell.
(vi) Motion of a train on a straight bridge.
Ans.(i) Oscillatory motion
(ii) Linear motion
(iii) Circular motion
(iv) Oscillatory motion
(v) Oscillatory motion
(vi) Linear motion
Q.2.Which of the following are not correct?
(i) The basic unit of time is second.
(ii) Every object moves with a constant speed.
(iii) Distances between two cities are measured in kilometers.
(iv) The time period of a given pendulum is not constant.
(v) The speed of a train is expressed in m/h
Ans. (ii), (iv), (v)
Q.3.A simple pendulum takes 32s to complete 20 oscillations, what is the time period of the pendulum?
Ans. Time taken to complete 20 oscillations = 32 s
Time taken to complete 1 oscillation = 32/20 s = 1.6 s
Time period of a pendulum is time taken by it to complete 1 oscillation.
Time period of pendulum is 1.6 seconds.
Q.4.The distance between two stations is 240 km. A train takes 4 hours to cover this distance. Calculate the speed of the train.
Ans.Distance = 240 km
Time taken = 4 hours
Speed =Distance covered/time taken = 240km/4 hammer
=60 km/h
Speed of train =60 km/h
Q.5.The odometer of a car reads 57321.0 km when the clock shows the time 08:30 AM. What is the distance moved by the car, if at 08:50 AM, the odometer reading has changed to 57336.0 km? Calculate the speed of the car in km/min during this time. Express the speed in km/h also.
Ans.Distance = 57336.0 km – 57321 km =15 km
Speed in km/min =15km/20 min = 3/4 km/min
Speed in km/hr =15 km/1/3 hr
=(15 x 3) km/hr
=45 km/hr.
Q.6.Salma takes 15 minutes from her house to reach her school on a bicycle. If the bicycle has a speed of 2 m/min, calculate the distance between her house and the school.
Ans.Time taken =15 min
Speed = 2 m/min .
Distance = speed x time = 2 x 15 = 30 m
Distance between Salma’s school and her house is 30 m.
Q.7.Show the shape of the distance-time graph for the motion in the following cases :
(i) A car moving with a constant speed.
(ii) A car parked on a side road
Ans.
Q.8. Which of the following relations is correct?
(i) Speed = Distance Time
(ii) Speed = Distance/Time
(iii)Speed – Time/Distance
(iv)Speed = 1/Distance Time
Ans. (ii) Speed = Distance/Time is correct
Q.9.The basic unit of speed is:
(i) km/min (ii) m/min (iii) km/h (iv) m/s
Ans. (iv) m/s
Q.10.A car moves with a speed of 40 km/h for 15 minutes and then with a speed of 60 km/h for the next 15 minutes. The total distance covered by the car is:
(i) 100 km (ii) 25 km (iii) 15 km (iv) 10 km
Ans.(ii) 25 km
Q.11.Suppose the two photographs, shown in fig. 13.1 and fig. 13.2 of NCERT had been taken at an interval of 10 seconds. If a distance of 100 metres is shown by 1 cm in these photographs, calculate the speed of the blue car.
Ans.0.1 cm/s or 10 m/s
Q.12.Fig 13.10 shows the distance-time graph for the motion of two vehicles A and B. Which one of them is moving faster?
Ans. ‘A’ is moving faster.
Q.13.Which of the following distance-time graphs shows a truck moving with speed which is not constant?
Ans. (iii)